While the Tenkaichi Otogesai tourney series is (sadly) discontinued and no stand-alone arcade Taiko tournaments are on sight, there are at least two competitions out there that, while not aiming to add new spicy content to the game with a tourney background, are still aiming to test the skills of Japan's most proficient donders.
The first of the two, the Taiko no Tatsujin Nintendo Switch Version! Elementary-School Students Donkatsu Fight King! (太鼓の達人 Nintendo Switchば~じょん!小学生ドンカツ王決定戦!) contest, is focused on the Nintendo Switch game and, as the title says, is aimed at a younger playerbase, with District Qualifier rounds being scheduled from this month's end to this year's end in 12 different venues and their Finals being slated to March next year.
The latter tourney is more reminiscent to the Otogesai arcade shenanigans, in that an assembly of arcade game rooms (in this case, affiliated to Taito) is holding separate tournaments for a number of still-operative gaming series, open to all ages! The Toushinsai 2020 ~World Championship of ARCADE~ (闘神祭2020~World Championship of ARCADE~) is the name of said tourney series, allotting a space for rhythm games for the first time with the 2020 edition; not only Taiko no Tatsujin line will be eligible for tournament means, but also SOUND VOLTEX and jubeat as well!
Source (Taiko NSwitch Tourney)
Source (Taito.co.jp News)